纳米TiO2-石墨烯光催化剂的水热合成及其光催化性能

以钛酸四正丁酯和石墨为原料，通过水热法制备了锐钛矿型为主的纳米TiO2复合光催化剂（纳米TiO2-石墨烯），并采用XRD，FTIR，FESEM，TEM技术对其进行了表征。通过紫外光照射降解溶液中的罗丹明B（RhB）研究了TiO2-石墨烯的光催化活性，分析了初始罗丹明B质量浓度、催化剂加入量、溶液pH和催化剂使用次数等影响降解效果的因素。实验结果表明：在初始RhB质量浓度为20 mg/L、溶液pH为7.10、催化剂加入量为1.000 g/L的条件下，紫外光照射30 min时，纳米TiO2-石墨烯对RhB的降解率高达98.69%，明显高于纳米TiO2的44.69%;纳米TiO2-石墨烯稳定性较强，可多次重复使用。     

高氯低COD值水样的无汞快速测定法

以硝酸银和硫酸铬钾代替硫酸汞来消除 COD 测定中的氯离子干扰，同时将重铬酸钾溶液的浓度降低为0.100 mol／L，并用硫磷混酸代替硫酸，该方法经过对标准样品和实际样品的测定，表现出对于测定氯离子含量低于25000 mg／L的高氯低 COD 值水样具有较好的准确度和精密度，同时可以实现银盐的回收再利用。     

二氧化钛脱除高温烟气中的氯化氢

HCl是城市垃圾焚烧产生的主要气体污染物之一。将一种新型脱氯剂TiO2引入到垃圾焚烧系统中,并与其他脱氯剂的性能进行比较。研究了不同脱氯剂使用量、不同反应温度和不同HCl气体浓度对TiO2、CaO和CaTiO3脱氯效果的影响。结果显示,TiO2能在高温(800~1 000℃)、高HCl浓度(1 303.6~1 629.5 mg/m3)下获得较好的脱氯效果。与传统的脱氯剂CaO相比,TiO2更适合于高温烟气脱氯,其在1 000℃时的氯容(36.3 mg HCl/g TiO2)几乎是相同情况下的CaO氯容(9.3 mg HCl/g CaO)的4倍。而CaTiO3的脱氯效果不但受到自身分解效率的影响,还受到TiO2和CaO脱氯效果的影响,其脱氯效果较差。     

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 on tree branch growth and implications for hydrologic budgeting

The forest hydrologic budget may be impacted by increasing CO₂ and tropospheric O₃. Efficient means to quantify such effects are beneficial. We hypothesized that changes in the balance of canopy interception, stem flow, and through-fall in the presence of elevated CO₂ and O₃ could be discerned using image analysis of leafless branches. We compared annual stem flow to the results of a computerized analysis of all branches from the 2002, 2004, and 2006 annual growth whorls of 97 ten-year-old trees from the Aspen Free-Air CO₂ and O₃ Enrichment (Aspen FACE) experiment in Rhinelander, WI. We found significant effects of elevated CO₂ and O₃ on some branch metrics, and that the branch metrics were useful for predicting stem flow from birch, but not aspen. The results of this study should contribute to development of techniques for efficient characterization of effects on the forest hydrologic budget of increasing CO₂ and tropospheric O₃.     

不同来源废水COD、TOC与Cl-的关系

通过对含盐化工废水(A)、受潮汐影响的河流水(B)、城市生活污水处理厂排水(C)、采油废水(D)4种不同来源废水进行为期15 d的采样监测,测定了其COD、TOC和Cl-浓度,分析比较了3种废水指标之间的关系,其中COD分别使用重铬酸钾法、氯气校正法和碘化钾碱性高锰酸钾法3种方法进行测定.实验结果表明,4种废水Cl-浓...     

Effective communication about complex environmental issues: Perceived quality of information about carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) depends on stakeholder collaboration

This experimental research addresses the effectiveness of communication about complex environmental issues, depending on whether the same information is provided by multiple collaborating or by individual organizations (i.e., stakeholders). The information provided pertains to carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology, as an example of a complex environmental issue. In Studies 1 (N = 75) and 2 (N = 66) we found that participants perceived factual information from collaborating stakeholders to be of higher quality than when the same information was provided by individual stakeholders. As predicted, the expectation of diverse perspectives being represented in the collaborative information mediated this effect. In addition, in Study 3 (N = 79) the perceived dissimilarity of collaborating stakeholders was shown to be an important precondition for the collaboration effect observed in Studies 1 and 2. Finally, these studies indicate that occasional collaboration between different stakeholders does not necessarily harm the perceived credibility of each individual stakeholder.     

钙基固定剂对制氢和污染性气体减排的影响

在未来相当长的一段时间内,煤气化仍是大规模制取氢气的主要途径。目前,常规煤气化过程得到的是H2、CO和CO2为主的混合气,需要通过净化、变换和分离工艺才能得到洁净的氢气,工艺过程复杂。采用连续式超临界水反应装置,以质量分数为20%的水煤浆为反应原料,考察了Ca/C摩尔比和温度对褐煤制氢系统的影响。试验结果表明：Ca（OH）2不仅可以很好地固定气相中的CO2和硫化物,而且对煤气化过程也表现出较好的催化作用。反应温度600℃,压力为25MPa的条件下,与未加Ca（OH）2相比,Ca/C摩尔比为0.45时,气体中CO2的体积分数由50.7%降至1.0%,趋于完全固定;硫化物浓度由10 878mg/m3降至807mg/m3;H2的体积分数由32.4%增至73.3%。Ca（OH）2对煤气化的催化作用在高温下更加明显。     

对普光气田油菜的二氧化硫熏气实验

为探讨普光气田废气对周围农作物的影响和生物监测方法,选择气田周边油菜作为受试样本,对其进行二氧化硫现场熏气实验。结果表明,油菜在受到1.43 mg/m3浓度、3小时二氧化硫熏气后,植株耐受,不产生明显受害症状;叶片含硫量、MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量等指标的测定结果与二氧化硫熏气浓度、熏气时间存在显著的相关关系。     

TiO2-Cu2O/蒙脱土复合光催化剂的制备与性能

以钠基蒙脱土（MMT）为载体，先采用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米TiO₂引入到MMT层间，再采用化学沉积法将纳米Cu₂O负载在TiO₂/MMT上，制备出TiO₂-Cu₂O/MMT纳米复合光催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、紫外-可见漫反射技术对催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标污染物，考察了催化剂的光催化性能。表征结果显示：TiO₂与Cu₂O均匀分布在MMT的表面与片层孔隙中;TiO₂-Cu₂O/MMT结合了TiO₂和Cu₂O的特性，拓宽了催化剂的光吸收范围。实验结果表明，在光源为可见光、初始甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、光催化剂加入量为2 g/L的条件下，TiO₂-Cu₂O/MMT纳米复合光催化剂对甲基橙的光催化降解效果明显优于单一负载的Cu₂O/MMT和TiO₂/MMT，大幅提高了催化剂的光催化效率，反应300 min时TiO₂-Cu₂O/MMT对甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到93%。     

Olive oil mill wastewater for soil nitrogen and carbon conservation

In this work the application of two levels of N fertilizer (NH₄NO₃) dissolved in water or olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) diluted 10 or 20 times in water, has been studied in relation to the properties of two soils (Loam and Silt-Clay-Loam). Also, the effect of irrigation water bubbled with CO₂ (Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, DIC) was studied. Nitrate N, ammonium N, total N, organic C (OC), and CaCO₃ contents were determined in the soil as well as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), and absorbance at 250 and 360 nm.